Revelation of John 16:9-11
Summary for Rev 16:10-11: 16:10-11 a the throne of the beast: John might be alluding to Rome, the political power of his time. Built on seven hills (17:9 b), Rome’s empire spanned the sea (13:1 c) and ruled the world (13:7 d).• plunged into darkness: Similar to the ninth plague of Egypt (Exod 10:22 e) and to the fourth trumpet (Rev 8:12 f).
• ground their teeth [literally gnawed their tongues] . . . cursed the God of heaven: Both pain and hostility motivated these responses to punishment (cp. Matt 8:12 g; 13:42 h, 50 i; 22:13 j; 24:51 k; 25:30 l; Luke 13:28 m).
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