Exo 21-22, Lev 20, Deu 13 | TSK | STEP | Laws for men servants. For the servant whose ear is bored. For women servants. For manslaughter. For stealers of men. For cursers of parents. For smiters. For a hurt by chance. For an ox that gores. For him that is an occasion of harm. the judgments. which.

bore his ear.This significant ceremony was intended as a mark of permanent servitude, and was calculated to impress the servant with the duty of hearing all his master's orders, and obeying them punctually.

Ps 40:6-8

for ever.

Le 25:23,40; De 15:17; 1Sa 1:22; 27:12; 28:2; 1Ki 12:7

sell.

Ne 5:5

go out.

2,3

please not. Heb. be evil in the eyes of, etc.

Ge 28:8; Jud 14:3; 1Sa 8:6; 18:8; *marg:

who hath.

De 20:7; 21:11-14

seeing.

8:29; Jud 9:19; Job 6:15; Mal 2:11-15

her food.{Sheairah,} "her flesh;" he shall not only afford her a sufficient quantity of food, as before, but of the same quality. She is not to be fed, like a common slave, with a sufficiency of bread, vegetables, milk, etc., but with her customary supply of flesh, and other agreeable articles of food.

1Co 7:1-6

20:13; Ge 9:6; Le 24:17; Nu 35:16-24,30,31; De 19:11-13

2Sa 12:13; Mt 26:52

lie not.

Nu 35:11,22; De 19:4-6,11; Mic 7:2

God.

1Sa 24:4,10,18; 2Sa 16:10; Isa 10:7

I will appoint.

Nu 35:11; De 4:41-43; 19:1-3,9; Jos 20:2-9

presumptuously.

Nu 15:30,31; De 1:43; 17:12,13; 18:22; 19:11-13; 1Ki 2:29-34

Ps 19:13; Heb 10:26; 2Pe 2:10

slay.

Nu 35:20,21; De 27:24; 2Sa 3:27; 20:9,10

take him.

1Ki 1:50,51; 2:28-34; 2Ki 11:15 To smite either father or mother, in a manner which indicated either contempt or malice, or left marks of violence, was deemed a proof of so ungrateful and unnatural a disposition, that no provocation was admitted as an excuse, but the offence was made capital: nay, he who cursed his father or mother, who uttered imprecations, ill wishes, or revilings, against a parent, was included in the same sense; though few crimes were made capital by the law of Moses. The law of God, as delegated to parents is honoured when they are honoured, and despised when they are despised: and to rebel against the lawful exercise of this authority is rebellion against God.--Rev. T. Scott

De 21:18-21; 27:24; Pr 30:11,17; 1Ti 1:9

stealeth.

Ge 40:15; De 24:7; 1Ti 1:10; Re 18:12

selleth him.

Ge 37:28

found in.

22:4

curseth. or, revilteth.

Le 20:9; De 27:16; Pr 20:20; 30:11,17; Mt 15:3-6; Mr 7:10,11

men.

22; 2:13; De 25:11; 2Sa 14:6

another. or, his neighbour. a stone.

20; Nu 35:16-24

upon his staff.

2Sa 3:29; Zec 8:4

only he shall pay.This was a wise and excellent institution. The same provision is made in the civil law; and most courts of justice still regulate their decisions in such cases by this Mosaic precept.

the loss. Heb. his ceasing.

smite.

26,27; De 19:21; Pr 29:19; Isa 58:3,4

he shall.

Ge 9:6; Nu 35:30-33

punished. Heb. avenged.

Ge 4:15,24; Nu 35:19; Ro 13:4

Le 25:45,46

strive.

as the judges.

30; De 16:18; 22:18,19

life for life.

Nu 35:31 This is the earliest account we have of the [towtopatheia,] tautopatheia,] Lex Talionis, law of like for like.

26,27; Le 24:19,20; De 19:21; Jud 1:6,7; 1Sa 15:33; Mt 5:38-40; 7:2

Lu 6:38; Re 16:6

20; De 16:19; Ne 5:5; Job 31:13-15; Ps 9:12; 10:14,18; 72:12-14

Pr 22:22,23; Eph 6:9; Col 4:1

the ox.

32; Ge 9:5,6; Le 20:15,16

his owner also.

De 21:1-9

for the ransom.

22; 30:12; Nu 35:31-33; Pr 13:8

Ge 37:28; Zec 11:12,13; Mt 26:15; 27:3-9; Php 2:7

and the ox.

28,29

Ps 9:15; 119:85; Pr 28:10; Ec 10:8; Jer 18:20,22

29,30; 22:6,14

‏ Exodus 22

1 Of theft.

5 Of damage.

7 Of trespasses.

14 Of borrowing.

16 Of fornication.

18 Of witchcraft.

19 Of bestiality.

20 Of idolatry.

21 Of strangers, widows, and fatherless.

25 Of usury.

26 Of pledges.

28 Of reverence to magistrates.

29 Of the first fruits.

31 Of torn flesh.

sheep. or, goat. he shall.There is a smaller compensation required in other things, (ver. 9,) and also a disproportion between an ox and a sheep. The reason of the former is, as Maimonides explains it, because money, goods, etc., are better guarded in houses and cities, than cattle in a field; which consequently can be more easily stolen. The reason of the latter seems to be, as it is explained by Bishop Patrick, that an ox was of greater value, and more useful for the purposes of husbandry.

Le 6:1-6; Nu 5:7; 2Sa 12:6; Pr 6:31; Lu 19:8

five oxen.

Pr 14:4

breaking.

Job 24:14; 30:5; Ho 7:1; Joe 2:9; Mt 6:19,20; 24:43; 1Th 5:2

no blood.

Nu 35:27

then he shall.

21:2; Jud 2:14; 10:7; Isa 50:1

found.

21:16

he shall restore double.

1,7,9; Pr 6:31; Isa 40:2; Jer 16:18; Re 18:6

shall he make restitution.

3,12; 21:34; Job 20:18

If fire break out.Mr. Harmer observes, that it is a common custom in the East to set the dry herbage on fire; which fires, from want of care, often produce great damage. Hence a law to guard against such evils was highly expedient.

so that the stacks of corn.

Jud 15:4,5; 2Sa 14:30,31

he that kindled the fire.

9,12; 21:33,34

if the thief be found.

Pr 6:30,31; Jer 2:26; Joh 12:6; 1Co 6:10

let him pay double.

the judges.

28; *marg:

21:6; De 16:18; 19:17,18; 1Ch 23:4; Ps 82:1

for all manner of trespass.

Nu 5:6,7; 1Ki 8:31; Mt 6:14,15; 18:15,35; Lu 17:3,4

the cause of both parties.

18:21,22; 23:6-8; De 16:18,19; 25:1; 2Ch 19:10

pay double unto his.

4,7

Ge 39:8; Lu 12:48; 16:11; 2Ti 1:12

an oath of the Lord.

Le 5:1; 6:3; 1Ki 2:42,43; Pr 30:9; Heb 6:16

that he hath not.

8; 23:1

stolen from him.

7; Ge 31:39

torn in pieces.

Eze 4:14; Am 3:12; Mic 5:8; Na 2:12

let him bring it for witness.Or, rather, "Let him bring" {aid hatteraiphah,} an evidence of the thing torn, such as the horns, hoofs, etc.

borrow.

De 15:2; 23:19,20; Ne 5:4; Ps 37:21; Mt 5:42; Lu 6:35

make it good.

11; 21:34; Le 24:18

it came for his hire.

Zec 8:10

a man entice.

Ge 34:2-4; De 22:28,29

utterly.

De 7:3,4

pay. Heb. weigh.

Ge 23:16

dowry of virgins.

Ge 34:12; De 22:29; 1Sa 18:25

Le 19:26,31; 20:6,27; De 18:10,11; 1Sa 28:3,9; Isa 19:3; Ac 8:9-11

Ac 16:16-19; 19:19; Ga 5:20; Re 22:15

Le 18:23,25; 20:15,16; De 27:21

sacrificeth.

Nu 25:2-4,7,8; De 13:1-15; 17:2-5; 18:20

utterly.

Nu 21:3; Jos 23:15,16

vex a stranger.

23:9; Le 19:33; 25:35; De 10:19; Jer 7:6; 22:3; Zec 7:10; Mal 3:5

for ye were strangers.

20:2; 23:9; De 10:19; 15:15; 23:7

De 10:18; 24:17; 27:19; Ps 94:6,7; Isa 1:17,23; 10:2; Eze 22:7

Zec 7:10; Jas 1:27

they cry at all.

De 15:9; 24:15; Job 31:38,39; 35:9; Lu 18:7

I will surely.

Job 34:28; Ps 10:17,18; 18:6; 140:12; 145:19; 146:7-9; Pr 22:22,23

Pr 23:10,11; Jas 5:4

my wrath.

Job 31:23; Ps 69:24; 76:7; 90:11; Na 1:6; Ro 2:5-9; Heb 10:31

your wives.

Job 27:13-15; Ps 78:63,64; 109:9; Jer 15:8; 18:21; La 5:3; Lu 6:38

Le 25:35-37; De 23:19,20; 2Ki 4:1,7; Ne 5:2-5,7,10,11; Ps 15:5

Pr 28:8; Jer 15:10; Eze 18:8,17; Mt 25:27; Lu 19:23

to pledge.

De 24:6,10-13,17; Job 22:6; 24:3,9; Pr 20:16; 22:27; Eze 18:7,16

Eze 33:15; Am 2:8

when he crieth.

2:23,24; Ps 34:6; 72:12; Isa 19:20

for I am gracious.

34:6; 2Ch 30:9; Ps 86:15; 136:10,11

the gods. or, judges.

8,9; Ps 32:6; 82:1-7; 138:1; Joh 10:34,35

nor curse.

21:17; 1Sa 24:6,10; 26:9; Ec 10:20; Ac 23:3,5; Ro 13:2-7

Tit 3:1,2; 1Pe 2:17; 2Pe 2:10; Jude 1:8

shalt not delay.

23:16,19; De 26:2-10; 2Ki 4:42; 2Ch 31:5; Pr 3:9,10; Eze 20:40

Mic 7:1; Mt 6:33; Ro 8:23; Jas 1:18

the first of they ripe fruits. Heb. they fulness. liquors.Heb. tear. the firstborn.

13:2,12; 34:19

Likewise.

De 15:19

seven days.

Le 22:27

holy.

19:5,6; Le 11:45; 19:2; De 14:21; 1Pe 1:15,16

neither.

Le 17:15,16; 20:25; 22:8; De 14:21; Eze 4:14; 44:31; Ac 10:14; 15:20

‏ Leviticus 20

1 Of him that gives of his seed to Moloch.

4 Of him that favours such an one.

6 Of going to wizards.

7 Of sanctification.

9 Of him that curses his parents.

10 Of adultery.

11 Of incest.

13 Of sodomy.

15 Of bestiality.

18 Of uncleanness.

22 Obedience is required with holiness.

27 Wizards must be put to death.

Whosoever.

17:8,13,15

giveth.

18:21; De 12:31; 18:10; 2Ki 17:17; 23:10; 2Ch 28:3; 33:6; Ps 106:38

Isa 57:5,6; Jer 7:31; 32:35; Eze 16:20,21; 20:26,31; 23:37,39

Ac 7:43

Moloch. Molech.The Rabbins describe this idol as made of brass sitting upon a throne of the same metal, in the form of a man, with the head of a calf, adorned with a royal crown, and his arms extended as if to embrace any one. When they offered any children to him, they heated the statue by a great fire kindled within, and the victim was put into his arms, and thus consumed. Others relate, that the idol, which was hollow, was divided into seven compartments within; in one of which they put flour, in the second turtles, in the third a ewe, in the fourth a ram, in the fifth a calf, in the sixth an ox, and the seventh a child; which were all burnt together by heating the statue inside. The account which Diodorus (l. xx.) gives of the statue of Saturn, to which the Carthaginians, descendants of the Canaanites, sacrificed their children, is very similar. For they had a brazen stature of Saturn, stretching out his hands towards the ground, in such a manner that the children placed within them tumbled down into a pit full of fire. To this account Milton alludes, in Paradise Lost, B. 1. 392.

the people.

27; 24:14,23; Nu 15:35,36; De 13:10,11; 17:5-7; 21:21; Ac 7:58,59

I will set.

17:10; 1Pe 3:12

to defile.

Nu 19:20; Eze 5:11; 23:38,39

profane.

18:21; Eze 20:39; 2Co 6:16

hide.

Ac 17:30

and kill.

De 13:8; 17:2-5; Jos 7:12; 1Sa 3:13,14; 1Ki 20:42; Re 2:14

I will.

17:10

against his.

Ex 20:5; Jer 32:28-35,39

whoring.

17:7; Ps 106:39; Jer 3:2; Ho 2:5,13

familiar.

27; 19:26,31; De 18:10-14; Isa 8:19

go.

Ex 34:15,16; Nu 15:39; Ps 73:27; Eze 6:9; Ho 4:12

cut him.

1Ch 10:13,14In the days of Moses, superstition was almost the {sensus communis} of the human race, which then made severe punishment necessary: by means of the Christian dispensation such errors are now exploded, the cultivation of philosophy and natural history having harmonised and contributed their feebler share of light, so that we no longer have to deplore mischiefs occasioned by the silly curiosity attempting to unfold future events.

11:44; 19:2; Eph 1:4; Phm 2:12,13; Col 3:12; 1Th 4:3,7; Heb 12:14

1Pe 1:15,16

And ye.

18:4,5; 19:37; Mt 5:19; 7:24; 12:50; Joh 13:17; Jas 1:22; Re 22:14

sanctify.

21:8; Ex 31:13; Eze 20:12; 37:28; 1Co 1:30; 1Th 5:23; 2Th 2:13

curseth.The term {yekallel} signifies not only to curse, but to speak contemptuously, disrespectfully, or to make light of a person: so that all speeches which have a tendency to lessen our parents in the eyes of others, or to render their judgment, piety, etc., suspected or contemptible, is here included; though the act of cursing, or of treating the parent with injurious or opprobrious language, is what is particularly intended. He who conscientiously keeps the fifth commandment, can be in no danger of the judgment here denounced.

Ex 21:17; De 27:16; Pr 20:20; 30:11,17; Mt 15:4; Mr 7:10

his blood.

11-13,16,27; Jos 2:19; Jud 9:24; 2Sa 1:16; 1Ki 2:32; Mt 27:25

the adulterer.

De 22:22-24; 2Sa 12:13; Eze 23:45-47; Joh 8:4,5

18:8; De 27:20,23; Am 2:7; 1Co 5:1

their.

lie.

18:15; Ge 38:16,18; De 27:23

confusion.

18:23

18:22; Ge 19:5; De 23:17; Jud 19:22; Ro 1:26,27; 1Co 6:9; 1Ti 1:10

Jude 1:7

a wife.

18:17; De 27:23; Am 2:7

burnt.

21:9; Jos 7:15,25

18:23; Ex 22:19; De 27:21

And if a woman.We are assured by Herodotus (in Euterp.) that the abominations here referred to existed among the Egyptians, and even formed part of their superstitious religious system, and we have reason to believe that they were not uncommon among the Canaanites. (See ch. 18:24, 25). Need we wonder then, that God should have made laws of this nature, and appointed the punishment of death for these crimes? This one observation will account for many of those strange prohibitions which we find in the Mosaic law.

and the beast.

Ex 19:13; 21:28,32; Heb 12:20

18:9; Ge 20:12; De 27:22; 2Sa 13:12; Eze 22:11

having.

15:24; 18:19; Eze 18:6; 22:10

discovered. Heb. made naked.

mother's.

18:12,13-30; Ex 6:20

uncovereth.

18:6

uncle's wife.

18:14

childless.

Job 18:19; Ps 109:13; Jer 22:30; Lu 1:7,25; 23:29

his brother's.

18:16; Mt 14:3,4

an unclean thing. Heb. a separation.

statues.

18:4,5,26; 19:37; Ps 19:8-11; 105:45; 119:80,145,171; Eze 36:27

judgments.

Ex 21:1; De 4:45; 5:1; Ps 119:20,106,160,164,175; Isa 26:8,9

spue you.

18:25-28; 26:33; De 28:25,26

in the manners.

18:3,24,30; De 12:30,31; Jer 10:1,2

therefore.

18:27; De 9:5; Ps 78:59; Zec 11:8

But I. See on

Ex 3:8,17; 6:8

a land.Milk and honey were the chief dainties of the ancients as they are now among the Arabs, particularly the Bedouins. Hence not only the Hebrews, but also the Greeks and Romans, painted the highest pleasantness and fertility by an abundance of milk and honey. The image used in the text, and frequently by ancient authors on similar subjects, is a metaphor, derived from a breast, producing copious streams of milk.

which.

26; Ex 19:5,6; 33:16; Nu 23:9; De 7:6; 14:2; 1Ki 8:53; Joh 15:19

2Co 6:17; 1Pe 2:9

put difference.

11:1-47; De 14:3-21; Ac 10:11-15,28; Eph 5:7-11

abominable.

11:43

creepeth. or, moveth.

the Lord.

7; 19:2; Ps 99:5,9; Isa 6:3; 30:11; 1Pe 1:15,16; Re 3:7; 4:8

severed.

24; De 7:6; 14:2; 26:18,19; Tit 2:14

a familiar.

6; 19:31; Ex 22:18; De 18:10-12; 1Sa 28:7-9

their blood.

‏ Deuteronomy 13

1 Enticers to idolatry;

6 how near soever unto thee;

9 are to be stoned to death.

12 Idolatrous cities are not to be spared.

a prophet.That is, one pretending to the divine inspiration and authority of the prophetic office, or a dreamer of dreams, one who pretends that some deity has spoken to him in the night season, and giveth thee a sign, {oth,} what appears to be a miraculous proof of his mission, or a wonder, {mopheth,} some portentous sign, such as an eclipse, which he, who knew when it would happen, might predict to the people, who knew nothing of the matter, and thereby accredit his pretensions. But no pretended miracles must be admitted as a proof that the people might violate the first and great commandment.

1Ki 13:18; Isa 9:15; Jer 6:13; 23:11; Eze 13:2,3,23; Zec 13:4

Mt 7:15; 24:11; Lu 6:26; 2Pe 2:1; 1Jo 4:1

a dreamer.

Jer 23:25-28; 27:9; 29:8,24; *marg:

Zec 10:2

18:22; Ex 7:22; 1Ki 13:3; Jer 28:9; Mt 7:22,23; 24:24; 2Co 11:13-15

2Th 2:9-11; Re 13:13,14

hearken.

Isa 8:20; Ac 17:11; Eph 4:14; 1Jo 4:1

proveth.

8:2; Ps 66:10; 81:7; Mt 24:24; 1Co 11:19; 2Th 2:11; 1Jo 2:19; 4:4

Re 13:14

ye love the Lord your God.

6:5; 2Co 8:8

walk.

6:13; 2Ki 23:3; 2Ch 34:31; Mic 6:8; Lu 1:6; Col 1:10; 1Th 4:1,2

and obey.

Jer 7:23

and cleave.

10:20; 30:20; Ro 6:13; 1Co 6:17

prophet.

18:20; 1Ki 18:40; Isa 9:14,15; 28:17,18; Jer 14:15; 28:15-17

Jer 29:21,22; Zec 13:3; Re 19:20

spoken. Heb. spoken revolt against the Lord. turn you.

10; 7:4; Jer 50:6; Ac 13:8; 2Ti 4:4,5

put the evil away from the midst.

17:7; 19:19; 22:21,24; 24:7; 1Co 5:13; Heb 12:14,15

thy brother.

17:2,3; 28:54; Ge 16:5; Pr 5:20; 18:24; Mic 7:5-7; Mt 12:48-50

2Co 5:16

which is.

1Sa 18:1,3; 20:17; 2Sa 1:26

entice.

Job 31:27; Ga 2:4; Eph 4:14; Col 2:4; 2Pe 2:1; 1Jo 2:26,27; Re 12:9

Re 13:14; 20:3

which thou.

32:16-18; Jud 2:13; 5:8; 10:6; 1Ki 11:5-7; 2Ki 17:30,31

consent.

Ex 20:3; Pr 1:10; Ga 1:8,9; 1Jo 5:21

shall thine.

7:16; 19:13; Eze 5:11; 9:5,6

But.

17:2-7; Mt 10:37; Lu 14:26

thine hand.

17:7; Joh 8:7; Ac 7:58

stone him.

21:21; Le 20:2,27; 24:14-16,23; Nu 15:35,36; Jos 7:25; 2Ch 24:21By this law, every Israelite was bound in conscience to inform against, to prosecute, and to assist at the execution of any one, even the nearest relation or friend, who attempted to persuade him to idolatry; yet it is observable that parents and husbands are not expressly mentioned in the list of those who were thus publicly accused.--Scott.

which brought.

Ex 20:2

bondage. Heb. bondmen.

17:13; 19:20; Pr 19:25; 21:11; 1Ti 5:20

Jos 22:11-34; Jud 20:1,2-17

the children. or, naughty men.

Jud 19:22; 20:13; 1Sa 2:12; 10:27; 25:17,25; 2Sa 16:7; 20:1; 23:6

1Ki 21:10,13; 2Ch 13:7; Joh 8:44; 2Co 6:15; 1Jo 3:10

Belial.Belial is derived by some from {beli,} not, and {âl,} over, i.e., one so proud and envious as not to bear a superior; by others, from {beli,} not, and {ol,} a yoke, i.e., a lawless, ungovernable person, [andres paranomoi,] "lawless men," as the LXX render. It is, however, more probably derived from {beli,} not, and {yäâl}, profit, i.e., a worthless person, good for nothing to himself or others, and capable of nothing but mischief.

are gone.

4:19; 2Ki 17:21; 1Jo 2:19; Jude 1:19

Let us.

2,6

17:4; 10:18; Nu 35:30; Isa 11:3,4; Joh 7:24; 1Ti 5:19

destroying it utterly.

2:34; 7:2,16; Ex 22:20; 23:24; Le 27:28; Jos 6:17-21,24; Jud 20:48

Re 17:16; 18:18-24; 19:2,3

burn with.

Jos 6:24

an heap.

Nu 21:2,3; Jos 6:26; 8:28; Isa 17:1; 25:2; Jer 49:2; Mic 1:6