Gen 10:5, 10, 20, 31, Isa 13-14, Jer 50-51, 1Cor 14:23 | TSK | STEP

Babylon.Babylon, whose destruction and utter ruin are here predicted, was situated in the midst of a large plain, having a very deep and fruitful soil, on the Euphrates, about 252 miles south-east of Palmyra, and the same distance north-west of Susa and the Persian gulf, in lat. 32 degrees 30' N. and long. 44 degrees 20' E. According to Herodotus, it formed a perfect square, each side of which was 120 stadia, and consequently its circumference 480 stadia, or sixty miles; inclosed by a wall 200 cubits high, and fifty wide, on the top of which were small watch towers of one story high, leaving a space between them, through which a chariot and four might pass and turn. On each side were twenty-five gates of solid brass; from each of which proceeded a street, 150 feet broad, making in all fifty streets; which, crossing each other at right angles, intersected the city into 676 squares, extending four stadia and a half on each side, along which stood the houses, all built three or four stories high, and highly decorated towards the street; the interior of these squares being employed as gardens, pleasure grounds, etc. Its principal ornaments were the temple of Belus, having a tower of eight stories, upon a base of a quarter of a mile square; a most magnificent palace; and the famous hanging gardens, or artificial mountains raised upon arches, and planted with large and beautiful trees. Cyrus took it by diverting the waters of the Euphrates, which ran through the midst, and entering by the channel; and the river being never restored to its proper course, overflowed the whole country, and made it a morass. Darius Hystaspes afterwards depopulated the place, lowered the walls, and demolished the gates; Xerxes destroyed the temples; the building of Seleucia nearly exhausted it of its inhabitants; a king of the Parthians carried a number of them into slavery, and destroyed the most beautiful parts; so that modern travellers describe it as a mass of shapeless ruins, the habitation of wild beasts.

14:4-6,12-15; Jer 51:41; Da 2:37,38; 4:30

when God overthrow. Heb. the overthrowing of.

Ge 19:24; De 29:23; Jer 49:18; 50:40; Zep 2:9

14:23; Jer 50:3,13,21,39,45; 51:25,29,43,62-64; Re 18:21-23

But.

34:11-15; Re 18:2

wild beasts. Heb. Ziim. doleful creatures. Heb. Ochim.owls. or, ostriches. Heb. daughters of the owl.

the wild beasts. Heb. Iim. desolate houses. or, palaces.dragons.

35:7

her time.

De 32:35; Jer 51:33; Eze 7:7-10; Hab 2:3; 2Pe 2:3; 3:9,10

Isaiah 14

1 God's merciful restoration of Israel.

3 Their triumphant exultation over Babel.

24 God's purpose against Assyria.

29 Palestina is threatened.

the Lord.

40:1,2; 44:21,22; 54:7,8; Le 26:40-45; De 4:29-31; Ne 1:8,9

Ps 98:3; 102:13; 136:10-24; 143:12; Jer 50:4-6,17-20,33

Jer 51:4-6,34-37; Lu 1:54,72-74

choose.

27:6; Zec 1:17; 2:12

set.

De 30:3-5; Jer 24:6,7; 29:14; 30:18-22; 31:8-12; 32:37-41

Eze 36:24-28; 39:25-29

the strangers.

19:24,25; 49:16-23; 56:6-8; 60:3-5; 66:20; Ru 1:14-18; Es 8:17

Jer 12:15,16; Zec 2:11; 8:22,23; Mal 1:11; Lu 2:32; Ac 15:14-17

Eph 2:12-19

and the house.

18:7; 60:9-12; 61:5; Ezr 2:65; Ro 15:27; 2Co 8:4,5; Ga 5:13

and they.

Ps 68:18; 2Co 10:5; Eph 4:8

whose captives they were. Heb. that had taken them captives.they shall rule over.

60:14; Jer 30:16; Da 7:18,25-27; Zec 14:2,3; Re 3:9; 11:11-18

Re 18:20-24

12:1; 32:18; De 28:48,65-68; Ezr 9:8,9; Jer 30:10; 46:27,28; 50:34

Eze 28:24; Zec 8:2,8; Re 18:20; 19:1-3

proverb. or, taunting speech.

Jer 24:9; Eze 5:15; Hab 2:6

How.

6,17; 47:5; 49:26; 51:23; Jer 25:9-14; 27:6,7; 50:22,23

Jer 51:20-24,34,35; Da 7:19-25; Hab 1:2-10; 2:6-12,17

Re 13:15-17; 16:5,6; 17:6; 18:5-8,20

golden city. or, exactress of gold.

13:19; 45:2,3; 2Ch 36:18; La 4:1; Da 2:38; Re 18:16

29; 9:4; 10:5; Ps 125:3; Jer 48:15-17

who smote.

33:1; 47:6; 2Ch 36:17; Jer 25:9; Da 7:19-21; Jas 2:13

continual stroke. Heb. a stroke without removing. ispersecuted.

13:14-18; 21:1-10; 47:1-15; Jer 25:26; 50:31; Re 17:16,17; 18:8-10

and none.

46:10,11; Job 9:13; Pr 21:30; Da 4:35

they.

49:13; Ps 96:11-13; 98:7-9; 126:1-3; Pr 11:10; Jer 51:48; Re 18:20

Re 19:1-6

55:12,13; Eze 31:16; Zec 11:2

Hell. or, The grave. from.

Pr 15:24

is moved.

Eze 32:21-32

chief ones. Heb. leaders, or, great goats.

Jer 50:8

Art thou also.

Ps 49:6-14,20; 82:6,7; Ec 2:16; Lu 16:20-23

pomp.

21:4,5; 22:2; Job 21:11-15; Eze 26:13; 32:19,20; Da 5:1-4,25-30

Am 6:3-7; Re 18:11-19

the worm.

66:24; Job 17:13,14; 24:19,20; Mr 9:43-48

How art thou fallen.

13:10; 34:4; Eze 28:13-17; Lu 10:18; 2Pe 2:4; Re 12:7-10

Lucifer. or, day-star.

2Pe 1:19; Re 2:28; 22:16

weaken.

4-6; Jer 50:23; 51:20-24

thou.

47:7-10; Eze 27:3; 28:2; 29:3; Da 4:30,31; Zep 2:15; Re 18:7,8

I will ascend.

Eze 28:9,12-16; Da 8:10-12

the mount.

2:2; Ps 48:2

ascend.

37:23,24

I will be.

47:8; Ge 3:5; 2Th 2:4

thou.

3-11; Eze 28:8,9; Mt 11:23; Ac 12:22,23; Re 19:20

to the.

Eze 32:23

shall narrowly.

Ps 58:10,11; 64:9

Is this.

4,5; Ps 52:7; Jer 50:23; 51:20-23

made.

13:19-22; 64:10; Eze 6:14; Joe 2:3; Zep 2:13,14

opened not the house of his prisoners. or, did not let hisprisoners loose homewards.

45:13; 58:6; 2Ch 28:8-15; Ezr 1:2-4

all of.

22:16; 2Ch 24:16,25; Ec 6:3; Eze 32:18-32

house.

Job 30:23; Ec 12:5

thou.The prophet having briefly set forth, in the beginning of this chapter, the deliverance of Judah from captivity, in consequence of the destruction of Babylon, then introduces this triumphant song, the beauties of which are excellently illustrated by Bp. Lowth.

1Ki 21:19,24; 2Ki 9:25,34-36; Jer 8:1,2; 16:6; 22:19

go.

Jer 41:7,9; Eze 32:23

the seed.

13:15-19; Job 18:16,19; Ps 21:10; 37:28; 109:13; 137:8,9

slaughter.

Ex 20:5; Le 26:39; Mt 23:35

do not.

27:6; Hab 2:8-12

I will.

13:5; 21:9; 43:14; 47:9-14; Jer 50:26,27,29-35; 51:3,4,56,57

the name.

Job 18:16-19; Pr 10:7; Jer 51:62-64

remnant.

1Ki 14:10

make.

13:21,22; 34:11-15; Jer 50:39,40; 51:42,43; Zep 2:14; Re 14:8

Re 18:2,21-23

I will sweep.

1Ki 14:10; 2Ki 21:13; Jer 51:25,26

Lord.

Ex 17:16; Ps 110:4; Jer 44:26; Am 8:7; Heb 4:3; 6:16-18

Surely.

46:10,11; Job 23:13; Ps 33:10; 92:5; Pr 19:21; 21:30; Jer 23:20

Jer 29:11; La 3:37; Mt 11:25; Ac 4:28; Eph 1:9

I will.

9:4; 10:16-19,32-34; 17:12-14; 30:30-33; 31:8,9; 37:36-38

Eze 39:4

then.

5; 10:24-27; Na 1:13

5:25; Zep 3:6-8

the Lord.

23:9; 43:13; 46:11; Job 40:8; Jer 4:28; 51:59; Ro 8:28,31

his.

9:12; 2Ch 20:6; Job 9:12; 23:13; Ps 33:11; Pr 19:21; 21:30

Da 4:31-35

A.M. 3278. B.C. 726.

6:1; 2Ki 16:20; 2Ch 28:27

Rejoice.

Pr 24:17; Eze 26:2; 35:15; Ho 9:1; Ob 1:12; Mic 7:8; Zep 3:11

whole.

Jos 13:3; 1Sa 6:17,18

because.

2Ch 26:6; 28:18

for.

2Ki 18:8

cockatrice. or, adder.

11:8

a fiery.

30:6

the firstborn.

Job 18:13

the poor.

5:17; 7:21,22; 30:23,24; 33:16; 37:30; 65:13,14

and I.

Jer 47:1-7; Eze 25:15-17; Joe 3:4-8; Am 1:6-8; Zep 2:4-7

Zec 9:5-7

Howl.

13:6; 16:7

for.

20:1; Jer 1:14; 25:16-20

none shall be alone. or, he shall not be alone. appointedtimes. or, assemblies.

shall one.

39:1; 2Sa 8:10; 2Ki 20:12-19

the Lord.

12:6; 37:32; Ps 87:1,5; 102:16,28; 132:13,14; Mt 16:18

and the.

11:4; 25:4; Zep 3:12; Zec 11:7,11; Jas 2:5

trust in it. or, betake themselves unto it.

Pr 18:10; Mt 24:15,16; Heb 12:22

Jeremiah 50

1 The judgment of Babylon and the redemption of Israel.

A.M. 3409. B.C. 595. against Babylon.

25:26,27; 27:7; 51:1-14; Ps 137:8,9; Isa 13:1-3; 14:4; 21:1-10

Isa 47:1-15; Hab 2:5-20; Re 18:1-24

the land.

Ge 11:31; Job 1:17; Isa 23:13; Ac 7:4

Jeremiah. Heb. the hand of Jeremiah

2Sa 23:2; 2Pe 1:21

Declare.

6:18; 31:10; 46:14; Ps 64:9; 96:3; Isa 12:4; 48:6; 66:18,19

Re 14:6-8

set up. Heb. lift up.

Isa 13:2

Babylon.

51:8; Isa 21:9; Re 14:8; 18:2

Bel.

51:44; Isa 46:1

Merodach.

52:31; Isa 39:1

her idols.

46; 43:12,13; Isa 37:19; Zep 2:11Xerxes, after his return from his unsuccessful expedition into Greece, partly out of religious zeal, being a professed enemy to image worship, and partly to reimburse himself after his immense expenses, seized the sacred treasures, and plundered or destroyed the temples and idols of Babylon, thereby accomplishing the prophecies of Isaiah and Jeremiah. (Isa 21:9; 46:1. Jer 50:2; 51:44, 47, 52.) What God declares, "I will punish Bel in Babylon, and I will bring forth that which he has swallowed," was also literally fulfilled, when the vessels of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar had brought from Jerusalem and placed in the temple of Bel, Da 1:2, were restored by order of Cyrus, Ezr 1:7, and again carried to Jerusalem. Bp. Newton, Dis. X.

out of the.The Medes, who formed the greatest part of the army of Cyrus. Media lay N.E. of Babylon.

9,41; 51:11,27,48; Isa 13:5,17,18,20

which.

12,13,35-40; 51:8,9,25,26,37-44,62; Isa 13:6-10,19-22; 14:22-24

Re 18:21-23

both.

7:20; 21:6; Ge 6:7; Ex 12:12; Zep 1:3

those.

20; 3:16-18; 33:15; 51:47,48; Isa 63:4

the children of Israel.

19,20,33,34; 3:18; 33:6-8; 30:10,11; 31:6,7,31; 33:7; Isa 11:12,13

Isa 14:1; Eze 37:16-22; 39:25; Ho 1:11

going.

31:9,10; Ezr 3:12,13; Ps 126:4-6; Joe 2:12; Zec 12:10; Jas 4:9

seek the.

29:12-14; Ps 105:4; Isa 45:19; 55:6; Ho 3:5; Zec 8:21-23

ask.

6:16; Ps 25:8,9; 84:7; Isa 35:8; Joh 7:17

Come.

31:31-36; Isa 2:3-5; Mic 4:1,2; Ac 11:23; 2Co 8:5

in a.

32:40; Ge 17:7; 2Sa 23:5; Isa 55:3; 56:6,7

that shall.

32:40; 1Ki 19:10,14; Heb 8:6-10

people.

17; Ps 119:176; Isa 53:6; Mt 9:36; 10:6; 15:24; 18:11-13; Lu 15:4-7

1Pe 2:25

their shepherds.

10:21; 23:11-15; Isa 56:10-12; Eze 34:4-12; Zec 11:4-9

on the.

2:20; 3:6,23; Eze 34:6

have forgotten.

2:32; Ps 32:7; 90:1; 91:1; 116:7; Isa 30:15; 32:2

resting place. Heb. place to lie down in.

Ps 23:2; So 1:7,8; Eze 34:14,25-28

have devoured.

17,33; 12:7-11; Ps 79:7; Isa 9:12; 56:9

We offend.

2:3; 40:2,3; Isa 47:6; Da 9:6,16; Zec 1:15; 11:5

the habitation.

31:23; Ps 90:1; 91:1

the hope.

14:8; Ps 22:4,5; 1Ti 1:1

out of the midst.

51:6,45; Nu 16:26; Isa 48:20; 52:1; Zec 2:6,7; 2Co 6:17; Re 18:4

he goats.

Pr 30:31

I will raise.

3,21,26,41,42; 15:14; 51:1-4,11,27,28; Ezr 1:1,2; Isa 13:2-5,17

Isa 21:2; 41:25; 45:1-4

an assembly.The army of Cyrus was composed of Medes, Persians, Armenians, Caducians, Sacæ, etc.; all of which, arranged under the Medes, came from the north.

they shall.

14,29

expert man. or, destroyer. none.

2Sa 1:22; Isa 13:18

Chaldea.

25:12; 27:7

all that.

Isa 33:4,23; 45:3; Re 17:16

ye were.

Pr 17:5; La 1:21; 2:15,16; 4:21,22; Eze 25:3-8,15-17; 26:2,3; Ob 1:12

ye destroyers.

17; 51:34,35; Ps 74:2-8; 79:1-4; 83:1-5; Isa 10:6,7; 47:6

Zec 2:8,9; 14:1-3,12

ye are.

27; 46:21; De 32:15; Ps 22:12; Ho 10:11; Am 4:1

fat. Heb. big. or, corpulent.

5:28

bellow as bulls. or, neigh as steeds.

5:8

mother.

49:2; Ga 4:26; Re 17:5

the hindermost.

25:26; Isa 23:13

a wilderness.

35-40; 25:12; 51:25,26,43,62-64; Isa 13:20-22; 14:22; Re 18:21-23

Because.

Zec 1:15

every.

18:16; 19:8; 25:12; 49:17; 51:37; Job 27:23; Isa 14:4-17; La 2:15,16

Hab 2:6-18; Zep 2:15

in array.

9; 51:2,11,12,27; 1Sa 17:20; 2Sa 10:9; Isa 13:4,17,18

bend.

29,42; 46:9; 49:35; Isa 5:28

for she.

7,11,29; Ps 51:4; Hab 2:8,17; Re 17:5

Shout.

51:14; Jos 6:5,20; Eze 21:22

she hath.

her foundations.

for it.

14,28; 46:10; 51:6,11,36; De 32:35,41,43; Ps 94:1; 149:7; Isa 59:17

Isa 61:2; 63:4; Na 1:2; Lu 21:22; Ro 3:5; 12:19; 2Th 1:8

as she.

29; Jud 1:6,7; 1Sa 15:33; Ps 137:8,9; Mt 7:2; Jas 2:13; Re 16:6

Re 18:6; 19:2

the sower.

51:23; Joe 1:11; Am 5:16

sickle. or, scythe. they shall turn every one.

46:16; 51:9; Isa 13:14

a scattered.

6; 23:1,2; Eze 34:5,6,12; Joe 3:2; Mt 9:36-38; Lu 15:4-6

Joh 10:10-12; 1Pe 2:25

the lions.

2:15; 5:6; 49:19; 51:38

first.

2Ki 15:29; 17:6-23; 18:9-13; 2Ch 28:20; 32:1-23; 33:11; Isa 7:17-20

Isa 8:7,8; 10:5-7; 36:1-37:38

this.

39:1-8; 51:34,35; 52:1; 2Ki 24:1-25:30; 2Ch 36:1-23; Isa 47:6

Da 6:24

as I.

Isa 37:36-38; Eze 31:3-17; Na 1:1-3:19; Zep 2:13-15

bring.

4,5; 3:18; 23:3; 24:6,7; 30:10,18; 31:8-10; 32:37; 33:7-12; Isa 65:9

Isa 65:10; Eze 11:17; 34:13,14; 36:24,33; 37:21,22; 38:8; 39:25-29

Am 9:14,15; Ob 1:17-21

he shall.

Isa 33:9; 35:2; Mic 7:14,18

his soul.

31:14,25

mount.

31:6; Jos 17:15

Gilead.

Nu 32:1; So 6:5; Ob 1:19

In those.

4; 33:15

the iniquity.

31:34; Nu 23:21; Isa 11:1,2; 43:25; 44:22; Mic 7:19; Ac 3:19,26

Ro 8:33,34; Heb 8:10-12; 10:17,18

and there.

Ps 103:12; Ro 5:16; 2Pe 3:15

I will pardon.

44:14; Isa 1:9; Mic 7:19; Ro 6:13; 11:6,26,27

up.

3,9,15

Merathaim. or, the rebels. Pekod. or, visitation.

Eze 23:23

and do.

34:22; 48:10; Nu 31:14-18; 1Sa 15:3,11-24; 2Sa 16:11; 2Ki 18:25

2Ch 36:23; Isa 10:6; 44:28; 48:14

4:19-21; 51:54-56; Isa 21:2-4

51:20-24; Isa 14:4-6,12-17; Re 18:16

snare.

Ec 9:12

and thou wast.

51:8,31-39,57; Isa 21:3-5; Da 5:30,31; Re 18:7,8

because.

Ex 10:3; Job 9:4; 40:2,9; Isa 13:11; 45:9; 2Th 2:4

opened.

35-38; 51:11,20; Ps 45:3,5; Isa 13:2-5,17,18; 21:7-9

this.

15; 51:12,25,55; Isa 14:22-24; 46:10,11; 48:14,15; Am 3:6; Re 18:8

against.

41; 51:27,28; Isa 5:26

the utmost. Heb. the end. open.

10; 51:44; Isa 45:3

cast her up. or, tread her.

Isa 10:6; 25:10; 63:3,4; Mic 7:10; Re 14:19; 19:15

destroy.

13,15,23; 51:25,26,64; Isa 14:23; Re 18:21-24

bullocks.

11; 46:21; Ps 22:12; Isa 34:7; Eze 39:17-20; Re 19:17

their day.

31; 27:7; 48:44; Ps 37:13; La 1:21; Eze 7:5-7; Re 16:17-19; 18:10

voice.

51:50,51; Isa 48:20

to declare.

15; 51:10,11; Ps 149:6-9; Da 5:3-5,23; Zec 12:2,3

vengeance of his.

La 1:10; 2:6,7

the archers.

9,14,26

recompense.

15; 51:56; Ps 137:8,9; Re 16:6; 18:6

for she hath.

24,32; Ex 10:3; Isa 14:13,14; 37:23; 47:10; Da 4:37; 5:23; 11:36

2Th 2:4; Re 13:5,6

Therefore.Gobrias and Gadates, when they entered Babylon, marched directly to the palace, killing all they met.

her young.

9:21; 18:21; 48:15; 49:26; 51:3,4; Isa 13:15-18

all her.

36; 51:56,57; Re 6:15; 19:18

I am.

21:13; 51:25; Eze 5:8; 29:3,9,10; 38:3; 39:1; Na 2:13; 3:5

O thou.

29,32; 48:29; 49:16; Job 40:11,12; Da 4:30,31; Hab 2:4,5; Jas 4:6

1Pe 5:5

most proud. Heb. pride. for.

the most proud. Heb. pride.

Pr 16:18; 18:12; Isa 10:12-15; 14:13-15; Eze 28:2-9; Da 5:20,23-30

none.

51:26,64; Re 18:8

kindle.

21:14; 49:27; De 32:22; Am 1:4,7,10,12,14; 2:2,5

and all.

7,17,18; 51:34-36; Isa 14:17; 47:6; 49:24-26; 51:23; 52:4-6

Zec 1:15,16

they refused.

34:15-18; Ex 5:2; 8:2; 9:2,3,17,18; Isa 14:17; 58:6

Redeemer.

Ex 6:6; Pr 23:11; Isa 41:14; 43:14; 44:6,23,24; 47:4; 54:5; Mic 4:10

Re 18:8

plead.

51:36; Ps 35:1; 43:1; Pr 22:23; Isa 51:22; Mic 7:9

that he.

Isa 14:3-7; 2Th 1:6,7; Re 19:1-3

sword.

47:6; Le 26:25; Isa 66:16; Eze 14:2; Ho 11:6; Zec 11:17

upon her princes.

27,30; 51:39,57; Isa 41:25; Da 5:1,2,30

her wise men.

8:9; 10:7; Isa 19:11-13; 29:14; 44:25; 47:13,14; Da 5:7,8

upon the liars. or, upon the chief stays. Heb. bars.

48:30; Isa 43:14; *marg:

Isa 44:25; 2Th 2:9-11; 1Ti 4:2; Re 19:20; 21:8; 22:15

dote.

2Sa 15:31; 17:14; 2Ch 25:16; Isa 47:10-15; 1Ti 6:4

her mighty.

30; 49:22; 51:23,30,32; Na 2:8; 3:7,13,17,18

their horses.

51:21; Ps 20:7,8; 46:9; 76:6; Eze 39:20; Na 2:2-4,13; Hag 2:22

all the.

25:20,24; Eze 30:5

as women.

48:41; 51:30; Isa 19:16; Na 3:13

her treasures.

26; Isa 45:3

A drought.

12; 51:32-36; Isa 44:27; Re 16:12; 17:15,16

the land.

2; 51:44,47,52; Isa 46:1-7; Da 3:1-30; 5:4; Hab 2:18,19; Re 17:5

mad.

51:7; Isa 44:25; Ac 17:16

12,13; 25:12; 51:26,37,38,43,62-64; Isa 13:20-22; 14:23; 34:11-17

Re 18:2,21-24

49:18; 51:26; Ge 19:24,25; De 29:23; Isa 1:9; 13:19,20; Ho 11:8,9

Am 4:11; Zep 2:9; Lu 17:28-30; 2Pe 2:6; Jude 1:7; Re 11:8; 18:8,9

2,3,9; 6:22,23; 25:14; 51:1,2,11,27,28; Isa 13:2-5,17,18; Re 17:16

hold.

6:22,23

they are cruel.

Ps 74:20; 137:8,9; Isa 13:17,18; 14:6; 47:6; Hab 1:6-8; Jas 2:13

Re 16:6

their voice.

Ps 46:2,3,6; Isa 5:30

shall ride.

8:16; 47:3; Isa 5:28; Hab 1:8; Re 19:14-18

king.

51:31; Isa 13:6-8; 21:3,4; Da 5:5,6

pangs.

49:22,24

like a lion.

25:38; 49:19-21

who is a.

Job 41:10,11; Isa 41:25; 46:11

for who.

Ex 15:11; Ps 89:6,8; Isa 40:18,25; 43:10

appoint me the time. or, convent me to plead. who is that.

49:19; Job 41:10

hear.

51:10,11; Ps 33:10,11; Isa 14:24-27; 46:10,11; Ac 4:28; Eph 1:11

Re 17:16,17

the least.

37:10; 49:20

surely he.We have already adverted to the completion of the prophecies respecting the final destruction of Babylon, (on Isa 13:18,) and shall only add a few more observations, in order to shew more clearly the full accomplishment of some of these predictions. Strabo says that in his time (about the Christian era) a great part of it was a desert. Jerome says that in his time (cir. A.D. 340) it was quite in ruins, the walls merely serving for an inclosure for wild beasts, for the hunting of the kings of Parthia: and modern travellers universally concur in describing it in a state of utter desolation, and the habitation of wild beasts and noxious reptiles.

49:21; Isa 14:9,10; Eze 26:18; 31:16; 32:10; Re 18:9-19

Jeremiah 51

1 The severe judgment of God against Babylon, in revenge of Israel.

59 Jeremiah delivers the book of this prophecy to Seraiah, to be cast into Euphrates, in token of the perpetual sinking of Babylon.

I will.

50:9,14-16,21; Isa 13:3-5; Am 3:6

midst. Heb. heart. rise.

50:24,29,33; Zec 2:8; Ac 9:4

a destroying wind.

4:11,12; 49:36; 2Ki 19:7; Eze 19:12; Ho 13:15

fanners.

15:7; Isa 41:16; Eze 5:12; Mt 3:12

in the day.

27,28; 50:14,15,29,32

let the.

50:14,41,42

brigandine.

46:4

spare.

9:21; 50:27,30; De 32:25; Ps 137:9; Isa 13:10-18; Jas 2:13

destroy.

50:21

thrust.

49:26; 50:30,37; Isa 13:15; 14:19

Israel.

33:24-26; 46:28; 50:4,5,20; 1Sa 12:22; 1Ki 6:13; Ezr 9:9; Ps 94:14

Isa 44:21; 49:14,15; 54:3-11; 62:12; Ho 1:10; Am 9:8,9; Ro 11:1,2

nor.

Zec 2:12; 12:6,8

though.

16:18; 19:4; 23:15; 31:37; 2Ki 21:16; Eze 8:17; 9:9; 22:24-31; Ho 4:1

Mic 7:18,20; Zep 3:1-4

Flee.

9,45,50; 50:8,28; Isa 48:20; Zec 2:6,7; Re 18:4

be not.

Ge 19:15-17; Nu 16:26; Pr 13:20; 1Ti 5:22

for this.

11; 27:7; 46:10; 50:8,15,28,31; De 32:25,41,43; Re 16:19; 18:5,6

he will render.

25:14,16

a golden.

Isa 14:4; Da 2:32,38; Re 17:4

the nations.

25:9,14-27; Da 3:1-7; Hab 2:15,16; Re 14:8; 17:2; 18:3,23; 19:2

are mad.

25:16; 50:38

suddenly.

41; 50:2; Isa 21:9; 47:9; Re 14:8; 18:2,8

howl.

48:20,31; Isa 13:6,7; Eze 27:30-32; 30:2; Da 5:24,31; Re 18:9-11

Re 18:17-19

take balm.

8:22; 30:12-15; 46:11; Na 3:19

forsake.

8:20; 46:16,21; 50:16; Isa 13:14; 47:15; Mt 25:10-13

her judgment.

2Ch 28:9; Ezr 9:6; Da 4:20-22; Re 18:5

brought.

Ps 37:6; Mic 7:9,10

let us.

31:6-9; 50:28; Ps 9:14; 102:19-21; 116:18,19; 126:1-3; Isa 40:2

Isa 51:11; 52:9,10; Re 14:1-3; 19:1-6

Make.

46:4,9; 50:9,14,25,28,29; Isa 21:5

bright. Heb. pure. the Lord hath.

27,28; 1Ki 11:14,23; 1Ch 5:26; 2Ch 36:22; Ezr 1:1; Isa 10:26; 13:17

Isa 13:18; 21:2; 41:25; 45:1,5; 46:11; Re 17:16,17

the spirit.Of Cyaxares king of Media, called "Darius the Mede" in scripture; and of Cyrus his nephew, king of persia, presumptive heir of the throne of his uncle.

his device.

12,29; 50:45

the vengeance.

24,35; 50:15,28; Ps 74:3-11; 83:3-9; Hab 2:17-20; Zec 12:2,3

Zec 14:2,12

the standard.

46:3-5; Pr 21:30; Isa 8:9,10; 13:2; Joe 3:2,9-14; Na 2:1; 3:14,15

ambushes. Heb. liers in wait.

Jos 8:14

the Lord hath both.

11,29; La 2:17

dwellest.

36; Re 17:1,15

abundant.

50:37; Isa 45:3; Hab 2:5-10; Re 18:11-17

thine.

17:11; 50:27,31; Ge 6:13; La 4:18; Eze 7:2-12; Da 5:26; Am 8:2

1Pe 4:7

and the.

Hab 2:9-11; Lu 12:19-21; 2Pe 2:3,14,15; Jude 1:11-13; Re 18:19

sworn.

49:13; Am 6:8; Heb 6:13

himself. Heb. his soul. as with.

46:23; Jud 6:5; Joe 1:4-7; 2:3,4,25; Na 3:15-17

lift up. Heb. utter.

50:15

hath made.

10:12-16; 32:17; Ge 1:1-6; Ps 107:25; 146:5,6; 148:1-5; Isa 40:26

Ac 14:15; 17:24; Ro 1:20; Col 1:16,17; Heb 1:2,3; Re 4:11

by his wisdom.

Ps 104:24; 136:5; Pr 3:19; Ro 11:33

and hath.

Job 9:8; Ps 104:2; Isa 40:22; 42:5; 44:24; 45:12; 48:13; 51:13

he uttereth.

10:12,13; Job 37:2-11; 40:9; Ps 18:13; 29:3-10; 46:6; 68:33; 104:7

Eze 10:5

there is.

Job 36:26-33; 37:13; 38:34-38; Ps 135:7; Am 9:7

multitude. or, noise. and he causeth.

Ps 135:7

bringeth.

Ge 8:1; Ex 10:13,19; 14:21; Job 38:22; Ps 78:26; 135:7; 147:18

Jon 1:4; 4:8; Mt 8:26,27

Every.

10:14; Ps 14:2; 53:1,2; 92:5,6; 115:5,8; 135:18; Isa 44:18-20

Ro 1:20-23; 1Co 1:19-21

brutish by his knowledge. or, more brutish than to know.for his.

10:14; 50:2; Ps 135:17; Hab 2:18,19

vanity.

10:8,15; Jon 2:8; Ac 14:15

in the.

43:12,13; 46:25; 48:7; 50:2; Ex 12:12; Isa 19:1; 46:1; Zep 2:11

portion.

10:16; Ps 16:5; 73:26; 115:3; La 3:24

the former.

the rod.

12:7-10; 50:11; Ex 19:5,6; De 32:9; Ps 33:12; 74:2; 135:4; 1Pe 2:9

the Lord.

10:16; Isa 47:4

art.

50:23; Isa 10:5,15; 13:5; 14:5,6; 37:26; 41:15,16; Mic 4:13

Zec 9:13,14; Mt 22:7

with thee. or, in thee, or, by thee. break.

25:9,11; 27:5-7

50:37; Ex 15:1,21; Ps 46:9; 76:6; Eze 39:20; Mic 5:10; Na 2:13

Hag 2:22; Zec 10:5; 12:4; Re 19:18

6:11; De 32:25; 1Sa 15:3; 2Ch 36:17; Isa 20:4; La 2:11; Eze 9:6

11,35,49; 50:15,17,18,28,29,33,34; Ps 137:8,9; Isa 47:6-9

Isa 51:22,23; 61:2; 63:1-4; 66:6; 1Th 2:15,16; Re 6:10; 18:20,24

Re 19:2-4

I am.

50:31

O destroying.

53,58; Ge 11:4; Isa 13:2; Da 4:30; Zec 4:7

which destroyest.

7,20-23; 25:9,18-27; Re 8:8; 17:1-6

and will.

2Pe 3:10; Re 8:8; 18:9,10

shall not.

37,43; 50:12,13; Isa 13:19-22; 14:23

desolate for ever. Heb. everlasting desolations.

50:40,41; Isa 34:8-17; Re 18:20-24

ye up.

12; 6:1; 50:2,41; Isa 13:2-5; 18:3; Am 3:6; Zec 14:2

prepare.

25:14

Ararat.Bochart reasonably concludes Ararat and Minni to be the greater and lesser Armenia; and Ashchenaz he thinks formed part of Phrygia near the Hellespont, part of that country being called Ascania by Homer. Cyrus had conquered Armenia, defeated Croesus king of Lydia, (B.C. 548,) and subdued several nations from the Egean sea to the Euphrates, before he marched against Babylon; and Xenophon also informs us that there were not only Armenians, but both Phrygians and Cappadocians in the army of Cyrus.

Ge 8:4

Ashchenaz.

Ge 10:3

Ashkenaz.

1Ch 1:6

cause.

14; 46:23; 50:41,42; Jud 6:5; Joe 2:2,3; Na 3:15-17; Re 9:7-11After Cyrus had been the instrument in the hands of God of taking Babylon, he marched against Tomyris, queen of the Massagetæ, a Scythian nation, and was totally defeated, (B.C. 530.) The victorious queen, who had lost her son in a previous battle, was so incensed against Cyrus, that she cut off his head, and threw it into a vessel filled with human blood, exclaiming, "Sattia te sanguine, quem sitisti."

the kings.

11; 25:25; Ge 10:2; 1Ch 1:5

Madia.

Es 1:3; 10:2; Isa 13:17; 21:2; Da 5:28-30; 6:8; 8:3,4,20; 9:1

the land.

8:16; 10:10; 50:36,43; Isa 13:13,14; 14:16; Joe 2:10; Am 8:8

every.

11,12,43,62-64; 50:13,39,40,45; Isa 13:19,20; 14:23,24; 46:10,11

Isa 47:1-15; Re 18:2,21-24

The mighty.Accordingly, the Babylonians, after the loss of a battle or two, never recovered their courage to the face the enemy in the field, they retired within their walls; and the first time that Cyrus came with his army before the place he could not provoke them to venture forth, though he challenged the king to fight a duel with him; and the last time he came he consulted with his officers respecting the best mode of carrying on the siege "since," said he, "they do not come out to fight."

32,57; 48:41; 50:36,37; Ps 76:5; Isa 13:7,8; 19:16; Na 3:13

Re 18:10

her bars.

50:36; *marg:

Ps 107:16; 147:13; Isa 45:1,2; La 2:9; Am 1:5; Na 3:13

post.

4:20; 50:24; 1Sa 4:12-18; 2Sa 18:19-31; 2Ch 30:6; Es 3:13-15

Es 8:10,14; Job 9:25

to shew.

50:43; Isa 21:3-9; 47:11-13; Da 5:2-5,30

the passages.

50:38; Isa 44:27

the men.

30; 50:37

is like.

Isa 21:10; 41:15,16; Am 1:3; Mic 4:13; Hab 3:12

it is time to thresh her. or, in the time that he threshethher. the time.

Isa 17:5-11; 18:5; Ho 6:11; Joe 3:13; Mt 13:30,39; Re 14:15-20

the king.

49; 39:1-8; 50:7,17; La 1:1,14,15

he hath made.

48:11,12; Isa 24:1-3; 34:11; Na 2:2,9,10

swallowed.

44; Job 20:15; Pr 1:12; La 2:16; Eze 36:3; Am 8:4; Mt 23:14

The violence. Heb. My violence.

50:29; Jud 9:20,24,56,57; Ps 9:12; 12:5; 137:8,9; Isa 26:20,21

Zec 1:15; Mt 7:2; Jas 2:13; Re 6:10; 16:6; 18:6,20

flesh. or, remainder. inhabitant. Heb. inhabitress.

I will plead. See on ch.

50:33,34; Ps 140:12; Pr 22:23; 23:11; Isa 43:14; 47:6-9; 49:25,26

Mic 7:8-10; Hab 2:8-17

take.

De 32:35,43; Ps 94:1-3; Ro 12:19; Heb 10:30,31; Re 19:1-3

and I will.

50:38; Ps 107:33; Isa 44:27; Re 16:12

become.

25,26,29; 25:9,12,18; 50:12,13,23-26,38-40; Isa 13:19-22; 14:23

Isa 34:8-17; Re 18:2,21-23

an hissing.

18:16; 19:8; 29:18; 2Ch 29:8; La 2:15,16; Mic 6:16; Zep 2:15

roar.

2:15; Job 4:10,11; Ps 34:10; 58:6; Isa 35:9; Na 2:11-13; Zec 11:3

yell. or, shake themselves.

Jud 16:20

their heat.

25:27; Isa 21:4,5; 22:12-14; Da 5:1-4,30; Na 1:10; 3:11

and sleep.

57; Ps 13:3; 76:5,6

50:27; Ps 37:20; 44:22; Isa 34:6; Eze 39:18

Sheshach.Sheshach was probably an idol worshipped at Babylon, from which the city derived this name; and the festival which was held when the city was taken, when they were heated with wine, was perhaps observed in honour of it.

25:26; Da 5:1-3

the praise.

49:25; 50:23; Isa 13:19; 14:4; Da 2:38; 4:22,30; 5:4,5; Re 18:10-19

an astonishment.

37; 50:46; De 28:37; 2Ch 7:21; Eze 27:35

Ps 18:4,16; 42:7; 65:7; 93:3; Isa 8:7,8; Eze 27:26-34; Da 9:26

Lu 21:25; Re 17:15,16

cities.

29,37; 50:39,40

a land.

2:6; Isa 13:20; Eze 29:10,11

I will punish.

18,47; 50:2; Isa 46:1,2

I will bring.

34; 2Ch 36:7; Ezr 1:7; Da 1:2; 5:2-4,26

the nations.

Isa 2:2; 60:5; Da 3:2,3,29; 4:1,22; 5:19,31; Re 18:9-19

the wall.

53,58

go.

6,9,50; 50:8; Isa 48:20; Zec 2:7; Re 14:8-11; 18:4

deliver.

Ge 19:12-16; Nu 16:26; Ac 2:40; 2Co 6:17

lest. or, let not.

2Ki 19:7; Mt 24:6-8; Mr 13:7,8; Lu 21:9-19,28

a rumour shall.

Isa 13:3-5; 21:2,3

ruler against.

Jud 7:22; 1Sa 14:16-20; 2Ch 20:23; Isa 19:2

I will.

52; 50:2; Isa 21:9; 46:1,2

do judgment upon. Heb. visit upon.

18; 11:22; 13:21; 23:34; 25:12; *margins

her whole.

24,43; 50:12-16,35-40

the heaven.

10; Ps 58:10,11; Pr 11:10; Isa 44:23; 48:20; 49:13; Re 15:1-4

Re 16:4-7; 18:20; 19:1-7

the spoilers.

11; 50:3,9,41

As Babylon, etc. or, Both Babylon is to fall, O ye slain ofIsrael and with Babylon shall fall the slain of all the country. hath.

10,11,24,35; 50:11,17,18,29,33,34; Jud 1:7; Ps 137:8,9; Mt 7:2

Jas 2:13; Re 18:5,6

escaped.

6,45; 31:21; 44:28; 50:8; Isa 48:20; 51:11; 52:2,11,12; Zec 2:7-9

Re 18:4

remember.

29:12-14; De 4:29-31; 30:1-4; Ezr 1:3-5; Ne 1:2-4; 2:3-5

Ps 102:13,14; 137:5,6; Da 9:2,3,16-19

Jerusalem.

Ps 122:6

are confounded.

3:22-25; 31:19; Ps 74:18-21; 79:4,12; 123:3,4; 137:1-3; La 2:15-17

La 5:1; Eze 36:30

shame.

3:25; 14:3; Ps 44:13-16; 69:7-13; 71:13; 109:29; Eze 7:18; Mic 7:10

for strangers.

52:13; Ps 74:3-7; 79:1; La 1:10; 2:20; Eze 7:21,22; 9:7; 24:21

Da 8:11-14; 9:26,27; 11:31; Re 11:1,2

that I.

47; 50:38

her graven images.This was verified when Xerxes destroyed all the temples of Babylon, B.C. 479.

the wounded.

Isa 13:15,16; Eze 30:24; Da 5:30,31

mount.

25,58; 49:16; Ge 11:4; Ps 139:8-10; Isa 14:12-15; 47:5,7

Eze 31:9-11; Da 4:30; Am 9:4; Ob 1:3,4

from.

1-4,11,48; 50:9,10,21,25,31-34,45; Isa 10:6,7; 13:2-5,17

Isa 41:25; 45:1-5

48:3-5; 50:22,27,43,46; Isa 13:6-9; 15:5; Zep 1:10; Re 18:17-19

destroyed.

38,39; 25:10; 50:10-15; Isa 15:1; 24:8-11; 47:5; Re 18:22,23

her waves.

Ps 65:7; 93:3,4; Isa 17:13; Eze 26:3; Lu 21:25; Re 17:15

the spoiler.

48; 50:10; Isa 21:2; Hab 2:8; Re 17:16

her mighty.

30; 50:36

every.

49:35; Ge 49:24; 1Sa 2:4; Ps 37:15; 46:9; 76:3; Eze 39:3,9

the Lord.

6,24; 50:28,29; De 32:35; Ps 94:1,2; 137:8; Isa 34:8; 35:4; 59:18

2Th 1:6; Re 18:5,6,20; 19:2

I will.

39; 25:27; Isa 21:4,5; Da 5:1-4,30,31; Na 1:10; Hab 2:15-17

Re 18:6,7,9

sleep a.

Ps 76:5,6; Isa 37:36

the king.

46:18; 48:15; Mal 1:14

The broad walls of Babylon. or, The walls of broad Babylon.According to the testimony of Herodotus, the circumference of the walls of Babylon was 480 stadia, or 60 miles, their breadth 50 cubits, and their height 200 cubits; but when Darius became master of the place, B.C. 516, he took away all their 100 gates of brass, and beat down their walls to 50 cubits; and now not a vestige of these immense fortifications remains, to mark the site of this once mighty city!

44; 50:15

broken. or, made naked. high gates.

30; Isa 45:1,2

the people.

9,64; Ps 127:1; Isa 65:23; Hab 2:13

Neriah.

32:12; 36:4; 45:1

with. or, on the behalf of. quiet prince. or, prince ofMenucha, or chief chamberlain.

30:2,3; 36:2-4,32; Isa 8:1-4; 30:8; Da 12:4; Hab 2:2,3; Re 1:11,19

and shalt see.

Mt 24:1; Mr 13:1

read.

29:1,2; Col 4:16; 1Th 4:18; 5:27; Re 1:3

to cut.

25,26,29,37; 50:3,13,39,40; Isa 13:19-22; 14:22,23; Re 18:20-23

desolation. Heb. desolations.

25:9,12; Eze 35:9

thou shalt bind.This was the emblem of its overthrow and irretrievable ruin; and the same emblem is employed in Re 18:21, to denote the utter ruin of mystical Babylon.

19:10,11; Re 18:21

Thus shall.

42; 25:27; Na 1:8,9; Re 14:8; 18:2,21

they shall.

58; Hab 2:13; Ps 76:12

Thus far.

Job 31:40; Ps 72:20

1 Corinthians 14:23

the whole.

11:18

will.

Ho 9:7; Joh 10:20; Ac 2:13; 26:24