Jos 10-12 | TSK | STEP | Five kings war against Gibeon. Joshua rescues it. God fights against them with hailstones. The sun and moon stand still at the word of Joshua. The five kings are mured in a cave. They are brought forth; scornfully used; and hanged. Seven kings more are conquered. Joshua returns to Gilgal. Adoni-zedec. as he had. how the.

Hebron.Hebron was situated on an eminence, 20 miles south of Jerusalem, and the same distance north of Beersheba. It is now called El Khalil, "the well-beloved," the usual epithet which the Turks and Arabs apply to Abraham, whose sepulchral cave they still shew; over which St. Helena built a magnificent church. Its original site was on an eminence, at the southern foot of which the present village is pleasantly situated, on which are the remains of an ancient castle, its sole defence.

14:15; Ge 23:2; 37:14; Nu 13:22; 2Sa 2:11

Lachish.

2Ki 18:14,17; 2Ch 11:9; Mic 1:13

and help.

Isa 8:9,10; 41:5-7; Ac 9:24-27; 21:28; Re 16:14; 20:8-10

we may.

1; 9:15; Mt 16:24; Joh 15:19; 16:2,3; Ac 9:23; 2Ti 3:12; Jas 4:4

1Pe 4:4

6; 9:1,2; Ge 15:16; Isa 8:9,10

to the camp.

5:10; 9:6

Slack.

2Ki 4:24

from thy.

9:15,24,25; Isa 33:22

mountains.

21:11; De 1:15; Ps 125:2; Lu 1:39

Isa 8:12,14

1:5-9; 8:1; 11:6; De 3:2; 20:1-4; Jud 4:14,15; Ps 27:1,2

Isa 41:10-15; Ro 8:31

all night.

1Sa 11:9-11; Pr 22:29; 24:11,12; Ec 9:10; 2Ti 2:3; 4:2

the Lord.

11:8; Jud 4:15; 1Sa 7:10-12; 2Ch 14:12; Ps 18:14; 44:3; 78:55

at Gibeon.

Isa 28:21

Beth-horon.

16:3,5; 21:22; 1Sa 13:18

Azekah.

11; 15:35; Jer 34:7

Makkedah.

28; 12:16; 15:41

the Lord.

Ge 19:24; Ex 9:22-26; Jud 5:20; Ps 11:6; 18:12-14; 77:17,18

Isa 28:2; 30:30; Eze 13:11; Re 11:19; 16:21

Sun.Joshua doubtless acted, on this occasion, by an immediate impulse upon his mind from the Spirit of God. The terms here employed to record the miracle, agree with the accustomed manner in which the the motions of the earth and sun are described in our own day. The sun apparently moves, but really is stationary; while the diurnal movement of the earth on its axis is by us unnoticed, and would not have been known except by astronomical science. The sun appeared to the Israelites over Gibeon, and the moon over the valley of Ajalon, and there they stayed in their course for "a whole day." Many vain enquiries have been made concerning the way in which this miracle was wrought, and many difficulties and objections have been urged against understanding it literally. But the fact is authenticated by the Divine testimony; and the manner in which it was accomplished lies entirely out of our province, because beyond our comprehension.

13; De 4:19; 17:3; Job 9:7; 31:26,27; Ps 19:4; 74:16; 148:3

Isa 28:21; 38:8; 60:20; Am 8:9; Hab 3:11

stand thou. Heb. be silent.

Hab 2:20; *marg:

Zec 2:13

Ajalon.

19:42; Jud 12:12

Aijalon.

until.

Nu 31:2; Jud 5:2; 16:28; Es 8:13; Lu 18:7; Re 6:10

Jasher. or, the upright.

Nu 21:14; 2Sa 1:18

So the sun.

11,14; Ps 19:4; 74:16,17; 136:7-9; 148:3; Isa 24:23; 38:8

Joe 2:10,31; 3:15; Mt 5:45; 24:29; Ac 2:20; Re 6:12; 8:12; 16:8,9

Re 21:23

there was.

2Ki 20:10,11; Isa 38:8

the Lord.

Zec 4:6,7; Mt 21:21,22; Mr 11:22-24; Lu 17:6

for the Lord.

42; 23:3; De 1:30

6,43

and hid.

Ps 48:4-6; 139:7-10; Isa 2:10-12; Am 9:2; Re 6:15

in a cave.

Jud 6:2; 1Sa 13:6; 24:3,8; Isa 2:19-22; 24:21,22; Mic 7:17 This information brought to Joshua, is an evidence that there were those of the country, who knew the holes and fastnesses of it, that were in his interests. And the care Joshua took to secure them there, as it is an instance of his policy and presence of mind, even in the heat of action; so, in the success of their project, it shews how they who think to hide themselves from God, not only deceive, but destroy themselves. Their refuge of lies will but bind them over to God's judgment.

22; Jud 9:46-49; Job 21:30; Am 5:19; 9:1; Mt 27:66

stay ye.

Ps 18:37-41; Jer 48:10

smite. Heb. cut off the tail.

Isa 9:14,15

suffer them.

20; 2Sa 17:13; 20:6; Jer 8:14

had made.

10; 8:24; 2Ch 13:17

fenced cities.

2Sa 20:6; Jer 8:14

to the camp.

15-17

none.

Ex 11:7; Isa 54:17; 57:4

1Sa 15:32

See on ver.

16-18

1,3,5

put your feet.

De 33:29; Jud 8:20; Ps 2:8-12; 18:40; 91:13; 107:40; 110:1,5

Ps 149:8,9; Isa 26:5,6; 60:11,12; Mal 4:3; Ro 16:20; Re 2:26,27

Fear not.

1:9; De 31:6-8; 1Sa 17:37; Ps 63:9; 77:11; 2Co 1:10; 2Ti 4:17,18

be strong.

Eph 6:10

thus shall.

De 3:21,22; 7:19; Ro 8:37

Joshua.

Jud 8:21; 1Sa 15:33

hanged.

8:29; Nu 25:4; De 21:22,23; 2Sa 21:6,9; Es 2:23; 7:9,10; Mt 27:25

Ga 3:13

they took.

8:29; De 21:23; 2Sa 18:17

until this very day.

4:9; 7:26

Makkedah.Situated, according to Eusebius, 8 miles east from Eleutheropolis. It was afterwards assigned to the tribe of Judah.

15:41

them.

32,35,37,39; 6:21; De 7:2,16; 20:16,17; Ps 21:8,9; 110:1; Lu 19:27

1Co 15:25

and he did.

30; 8:2

Libnah.This city was situated in the south of Judah, and in the district of Eleutheropolis, according to Eusebius and Jerome. It is probably the Libnah in the neighbourhood of which the Israelites encamped.

12:15; 15:42; 21:13; Nu 33:20; 2Ki 8:22; 19:8; Jer 52:1

as he did.

28; 6:21; 8:2,29

Lachish.Lachish was also situated in the south of Judah, seven miles south from Eleutheropolis, according to Eusebius and Jerome. It appears to have been anciently a very strong place; for though the people were panic struck, and the Israelites flushed with success, yet Joshua could not reduce it till the second day; and the king of Assyria afterwards was obliged to raise the siege.

3,5; 12:11; 15:39; 2Ki 19:8; 2Ch 11:9; Isa 37:8; Mic 1:13

to Libnah.

Gezer.Gezer was situated on the confines of Ephraim and Manasseh, between Beth-horon and the sea; and is evidently the village of Gazara mentioned by Eusebius, four miles (north) from Nicopolis or Emmaus.

12:12; 16:3,10; 21:21; Jud 1:29; 1Ki 9:16,17; 1Ch 6:67; 20:4

Eglon.This town appears to have been no great distance from Lachish, with which it is mentioned, ch. 15:39, as one of the cities given to Judah.

3; 12:12; 15:39

on that day.

utterly.

37; Le 26:44; Job 19:10

Hebron.

3,5; 14:13,14; 15:13,54; 21:13; Ge 13:18; Nu 13:22; Jud 1:10

2Sa 5:1-5; 15:9,10; 1Ch 12:23,28

the king.From ver. 23, we learn that the king of Hebron was one of the five whom Joshua slew and hanged on five trees at Makkedah. This slaying of the king of Hebron, therefore, must either refer to what had already been done, or the Hebronites had set up another, whom Joshua now slew when he took the city.

according.

Debir.Debir was situated in the south of the tribe of Judah, near Hebron. The expression of Joshua's returning to Debir, probably denotes, that having carried his conquests in the southern parts as far as Gaza, (ver. 41,) which was in the south-west angle of Canaan, he then marched back to besiege Debir.

12:13; 15:15,49; 21:15; Jud 1:11-15

he left none.

33,37,40; 11:8; De 3:3; 2Ki 10:11; Ob 1:18

all the country.

15:21-63; 18:21-28; 19:1-8,40-48

utterly.

35,37; 1Ki 15:29; Ps 9:17; 2Th 1:7-9

as the Lord.

6:17; 8:2,27; 9:24; Ex 23:31-33; 34:12; De 7:2-16; 26:16,17

Kadesh-barnea.

14:6,7; Nu 13:26; 32:8; 34:4; De 9:23

Gaza.

Ge 10:19; Jud 16:1,21; 1Sa 6:17; Zec 9:5; Ac 8:26

all the country.The country of Goshen, mentioned here, seems to have been in the south of Judah; and to have taken its name from the city of Goshen, situated in the same tribe.

11:16; 15:51

Gibeon.

2,12; 1Ki 3:5

because.

14; Ex 14:14,25; De 20:4; Ps 44:3-8; 46:1,7,11; 80:3; 118:6

Isa 8:9,10; 43:4; Ro 8:31-37

unto the camp.

15; 4:19; 1Sa 11:14

Joshua 11

1 Divers kings overcome at the waters of Merom.

10 Hazor is taken and burnt.

16 All the country taken by Joshua.

21 The Anakims cut off.

23 The land rest from war.

Jabin.

10; 12:19; 19:36; Jud 4:2,17

he sent.

10:3,4; Ps 2:1-4; 83:1-3; Isa 26:11; 43:2,5-7

Madon.The LXX. read [Marón,] which, if legitimate, Calmet thinks may be the same as Maronia or Marath, in Phoenicia, to the north of mount Lebanon, ch. 12:19, 20; 19:15, 25.

Shimron.Supposed to be the same with Symira, in Coele-Syria, joined to Maron or Marath by Pliny and Pomponius Mela.

Achshaph.Supposed by some to be the same as Achzib or Ecdippa; from which, however, it is distinguished in ch. 19:25, 29. It was in the northern part of the tribe of Asher.

on the north.

21; 10:6,40; Lu 1:39

Chinneroth.Jerome and others suppose this city to be same as was afterwards called Tiberias, now Tabaria, situated on the western shore of the lake of the same name.

12:3

See on

Nu 34:11

Chinnereth.

Lu 5:1

Gennesaret. Dor.

12:23; 17:11; Jud 1:27; 1Ki 4:11

the Jebusite.

15:63; Nu 13:29; 2Sa 24:16

Hivite.

Jud 3:3

Hermon.

13:11; De 4:48; Ps 89:12; 133:3; So 4:8

land.

18:26; Ge 31:49; Jud 20:1; 21:5,8; 1Sa 7:5-7; 10:17; 1Ki 15:22

Jer 40:6,10; 41:3,14

as the sand.

Ge 22:17; 32:12; Jud 7:12; 1Sa 13:5; 2Sa 17:11; 1Ki 4:20

all these.

Ps 3:1; 118:10-12; Isa 8:9; Re 16:14

met together. Heb. assembled by appointment. waters.This is what Josephus calls the lake Semechon, now called Bahr-el-Houlé (Lake Julius) between the head of the Jordan and the lake of Tiberias. According to Josephus it was seven miles long; and according to modern authorities, it is not above two miles broad, except at the north end, where it may be four.

Be not.

10:8; Ps 27:1,2; 46:11

tomorrow.

3:5; Jud 20:28; 1Sa 11:9; 2Ch 20:16

hough.

9; 2Sa 8:4

horses.

De 7:16; Ps 20:7,8; 46:9; 147:10,11; Pr 20:7; Isa 30:16; 31:1

Ho 14:3

suddenly.

10:9; 1Th 5:2,3

the Lord.

21:44

great Zidon. or, Zidon-rabbah.

19:28; Ge 10:15; 49:13; Zec 9:2

Misrephoth-maim. or, salt pits. Heb. burning of waters.

13:6

he houghed.

6; Eze 39:9,10

Hazor.

1; Jud 4:2

any left to breathe. Heb. any breath.

10:40

all the.

10:28,30,32,35,37,39,40

as Moses.

15; 8:8,31; 9:24; 10:40; Nu 33:52,53; De 7:2; 20:16,17

in their. Heb. on their heap.The Vulgate, Syriac, Onkelos and Waterland render {âl tillom,} "on their hills." As the cities of the plain might be easily attacked and carried, Joshua destroyed them; but as those on mountains, hills, or other eminences, might be retained by him with little trouble, prudence would dictate their preservation.

Jer 30:18

the spoil.

8:27; Nu 31:9; De 6:10,11; 20:14

neither.

11; 10:40

the Lord.

12; Ex 34:11-13

so did Moses.

De 7:2; 31:7

and so did Joshua.

1:7; Ex 39:42,43; De 4:5; 2Ch 30:12

he left nothing. Heb. removed nothing.

De 4:2; 12:32; 1Sa 15:1-3,8,9,11,19-22; Mt 23:23; Lu 11:42

Ac 20:20,27

all that land.

Ge 15:18-21; Nu 34:2-13; De 34:2,3

hills.

9:1; 12:8

the land.

10:41

the mountain.

21; Eze 17:23; 36:1-3,8

the mount Halak. or, the smooth mountain. that goeth.

Ge 32:3; De 2:1; 33:2

Seir.

3; 1:4; 12:7; 13:5

all their.

12:7-24; De 7:24

a long time.Caleb was forty years old when sent from Kadesh-barnea to spy the land, and he was eighty-five at the conclusion of this war. (ch. 14:10.) Almost thirty-nine years of this time were spent before Israel passed Jordan; which leaves between six and seven for the term of Joshua's wars.

23; 14:7-10

the Hivites.

9:3-27

it was.

Ex 4:21; 9:16; De 2:30; Jud 14:4; 1Sa 2:25; 1Ki 12:15; 22:20-23

2Ch 25:16; Isa 6:9,10; Ro 9:18,22,23

as the Lord.

12-15; De 20:16,17

the Anakims.

14:12-14; 15:13,14; Nu 13:22,23; De 1:28; 2:21; 9:2; Jud 1:10,11,20

Jer 3:23; 9:23; Am 2:9

Joshua destroyed.

10:42; 24:11,12; Ps 110:5,6; 149:6-9; Re 6:2; 19:11-21

only in Gaza.

Jud 3:3; 1Sa 17:4; 2Sa 21:16-22; 1Ch 18:1; 29:4-8

Ashdod.

15:46; 2Ch 26:6; Ne 13:23,24

according to all.

Ex 23:27-31; 34:11; Nu 34:2-13; De 11:23-25

according to their.

14:1-19:51; Nu 26:52-55

And the land.

18; 14:15; 21:44,45; 22:4; 23:1; Ps 46:9; 2Ti 4:7,8; Heb 4:8,9

Joshua 12

1 The two kings whose countries Moses took and disposed of.

7 The one and thirty kings on the other side of Jordan which Joshua smote.

on the other.

1:15; 22:4

from the.

Nu 21:13,24; De 2:24; Jud 11:18; Isa 16:2

unto the mount.

11:3,17; De 3:8,9; 4:48; Ps 133:3

Sihon.

Nu 21:23-30; De 2:24-37; 3:6-17; Ne 9:22; Ps 135:11; 136:19,20

Jabbok.

Ge 32:22; Jud 11:13,22

sea of Chinneroth.This inland sea, or rather lake, which drives its several names, the Lake of Tiberias, Sea of Galilee, Lake of Gennesareth, from the territory which forms its western and south-western border, is computed to be between seventeen and eighteen miles in length, and from five to six in breadth. The waters of this lake, which are sweet and agreeable, lie in a deep basin, surrounded with lofty hills, except at the north and south, where it is a plain country or level. There is a current through the whole lake even to the shore; and the Jordan through it is discernible by the smoothness of the surface in that part. Its appearance from the north- western extremity is said by Mr. Buckingham to be exceedingly grand; but the barren aspect of the mountains on each side, and the total absence of wood, give a cast of dullness to the picture.

11:2; De 3:17; Joh 6:1

Sea of Tiberias. the sea.

3:16; 15:2,5; Ge 14:3; 19:25; De 3:17

Beth-jeshimoth.

13:20

the south. or, Teman. Ashdoth-pisgah. or, the springs ofPisgah, or, the hill.

Nu 21:20; De 3:17; *marg:

De 4:49

the coast.

Nu 21:33-35; De 3:1-7,10

the remnant.

13:12; De 3:11

dwelt.

De 1:4

Hermon.

1; 11:3; De 3:8,9; 4:47,48

Salcah.

13:11; De 3:10

unto the.

De 3:14; 1Sa 27:8; 2Sa 3:3; 13:37; 15:8; 23:34; 2Ki 25:23

did Moses.

Nu 21:24-35

gave it.

13:8-32; Lu 22:29-42; De 3:11-17

on this side.

1; 3:17; 9:1

Baal-gad.

11:17; 13:5

Seir.

Ge 14:6; 32:3; 36:8,20,30; De 2:1,4

Joshua gave.

1:3,4; 11:23; 13:1-19:51; De 11:23,24

the mountains.

10:40; 11:16

the Hittites.

9:1; Ge 15:18-21; Ex 3:8; 23:23,28-31; De 7:1; 9:1

Jericho.

Ai.

Jerusalem.

Hebron.

Jarmuth.Placed by Eusebius and Jerome four miles from Eleutheropolis, near Eshtaol; but, in Jermus, which is probably the same, they state it to be ten miles from Eleutheropolis, towards Jerusalem; which is supposed to be nearer the truth.

10:3-23

Lachish.Eusebius and Jerome say it was a village in their time, seven miles south from Eleutheropolis.

10:3,23,31,32

Eglon.

10:3,23; 15:39

Gezer.Gezer appears to have situated in the tribe of Ephraim, near Beth-horon, between it and the sea. Eusebius and Jerome place it four miles north of Nicopolis or Emmaus.

10:33

Debir.

10:3,38

Geder.

15:36

Hormah.

Nu 14:45; 21:3

Arad.Eusebius places this city in the neighbourhood of Kadesh, four miles from Malathis, and twenty from Hebron.

Nu 21:1

Libnah.Eusebius and Jerome inform us, that Libnah was a town or village in their time, lying in the district of Eleutheropolis.

10:29,30

Adullam.